IT free essay sample

ID Farmers right to choose ID Transparent mechanism 10 Improve the knowledge and skills ID New market 2. Are we proportioning IT investments and targeting our development efforts in the right areas? Are we spending money efficiently and effectively? A pure trading product does not require much investment. The e-Copula model, in contrast, has required that TIC make significant investments to create and maintain its own IT network in rural India and to identify and train a local farmer to manage each e-Copula. 3.Are our IT and business leaders capable of defining and executing IT- enabled strategies? Have we opened an effective dialogue among business executives, IT executives, users, and partners? The IT system has had a positive impact on people in terms of enhanced access to market, improved incomes, and increased bargaining power. It has also terminated the monopoly that traditional had before, where traders, agents and officers took advantage of their power to impose lower prices for the people products. We will write a custom essay sample on IT or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Does our IT platform enable our business to be both lean and agile?What percent-age of our IT-related activities are devoted to operating and maintaining legacy applications versus enabling business growth and strategy execution? From this case study we can know farmers can use the computer to access daily closing prices on local, as well as to track global price trends or find information about new farming techniques. They also use the e-Chopin to order seed, fertilizer, and other products such as consumer goods from TIC or its partners, at prices lower than those available from village traders.Farmers benefit from more accurate weighing, faster processing time, and prompt payment, and from access to a wide range of information, including accurate arrest price knowledge, and market trends, which help them decide when, where, and at what price to sell. 5. Are we managing IT assets and infrastructure efficiently and effectively? Is leader-ship of IT activities appropriately delega ted? Do we have the right business and IT leaders, given our goals for its use?For the profit, Uses of CIT model can increase business growth in raw materials and sales, it can also get quality improvement. With earnings increase by costs reduced. For the social effect, IT increase farmers interests, reduce the risk of farmers, production processes to reduce maternity leave, educing business fraud in, provide high quality seeds and improve the international competitiveness of India. And there have development potential to establish direct contact with suppliers and consumers, establish contact with the rural community platform. . Are we organized to identify, evaluate, and assimilate IT-enabled business innovations? Are we missing windows of opportunity to exploit emerging technologies and business models? Innovation is represented by the fact that chinchillas (computer operators) allow farmers to use technology even though they are computer illiterate. Chinchillas act as agents for TIC and allow farmers to purchase inputs and services through Internet. The Chinchillas are compensated by TIC for their services. . Is our IT infrastructure sufficiently insulated against the risks of a major operational disaster? Are the appropriate security, privacy, and risk management systems in place to ensure always on and always up service? Risks are the con natural habit inadvertently changes and people cannot understand the new operation model. Next is legal problem and costs problem. After that is the problem of illiteracy, distrust and suspicion, technical risk.

Apple Corporation Social and Ethical Responsibility

Apple Corporation Social and Ethical Responsibility Introduction The Apple Corporation is a multinational company that specializes in different types of electronics, among them computer software, commercial servers, phones, and also personal computers. In 2006, Foxconn, one of Apples final assembly supplier in China, faced press allegations of poor working and living conditions. As a result, Apple had inspections conducted at 11 factories. Since then, Apple has conducted supplier audits of all its suppliers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple Corporation Social and Ethical Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper examines Apple’s ethical and social responsibilities and their impacts on its reputation. The paper will further discuss the methods Apple can utilize to make sure its standards on wage and benefits are adhered to, determine the impacts of increased prices of goods on customer purchasing behavior, and provide an analysis o f Apple’s current marketing strategy. Apples Current Position on Ethical and Social Responsibilities In all its annual Supplier Code of Conduct reports, Apple states its ethical and social responsibilities. The latest report elaborated the company’s commitment to openness and transparency, accountability, labor, and human rights, worker empowerment, environment, health, and safety. Ethical Responsibilities Apple has a set of standards that govern its suppliers ethical conduct. The company has set standards to safeguard its workers’ health and well being by establishing safety standards to improve workplace conditions. The company also empowers its workers technically and professionally. In its responsibilities to protect its workers human rights, Apple has put measures to protect labor and human rights. In conformity to international standards on labor, the report limits a week’s work to 60 hours and voluntary overtime (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 201 3). Further, the company empowers its workers by providing free educational opportunities and training. As pertains the workplace environment, Apple strives to ensure workplace safety by improving working conditions, offering training on hazards, and working with the academic community (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 2013). Social Responsibilities The company commits itself to the protection and conservation of the environment. The report states that ‘we take great care to design environmentally sound products’ (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 2013, p. 25). Apple commits itself to ensure that all suppliers conserve the environment: ‘we work with suppliers to make sure they are using environmentally responsible manufacturing processes wherever those products are made’ (26).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apple has continuously be en fulfilling its ethical and social responsibilities. To maintain its progress, the company conducts audits of all its suppliers. Audit results, published in the 2013 Supplier Code of Conduct reports, indicate that the company has observed its ethics and responsibilities. Audit results conducted on all its facilities indicate that 77% of its suppliers complied with labor and human rights. In instances that suppliers did not comply with the set standards, the company safeguarded the right of the employees and demanded compensation and other necessary actions (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 2013). The company has so far continued to observe its ethical and social responsibilities. This can be measured by the following examples of actions taken on suppliers who did not adhere to set standards. The elimination of child labor by Foxconn supplier. The Apple Supplier Code of Conduct (2011) recorded a decrease in child labor cases in its Foxconn supplier. The termination of its business with a facility that presented falsified payroll records and provided misleading interview answers during an auditing (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 2011). Impact of the Publication on Ethics and Social Responsibility on Apple’s Reputation Although Apple has suffered press allegations and NGO criticism on its practices, it is highly ranked by its customers. The fact that, in a survey on Corporate Reputation and Social Responsibility Rankings (2010) in U.S Apple was rated six by consumers, pertains its social responsibility. Its diversity of products also made it difficult for its consumers to adapt their consumption. This character was outstanding and acted as strength to winning consumer loyalty (Yoffie Renee, 2010). A report by Students Scholars against Corporate Misbehavior found that publication of suicide in Foxconn in 2010 by various media houses and blogs did not have any effect on Apple’s revenue levels (Workers as Machines: Military Management in Foxconn, 2010, para.2). Another indication that the company’s reputation was not affected was the launch of a new product, the iPhone 4 less than four months after the publications. The product’s uniqueness and functions led to huge sales (Diaz, 2010). The launch of the new product into the market sold the masked news on the harsh living and working conditions of workers who designed the products.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple Corporation Social and Ethical Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suppliers adherence to wage and benefits standards In its commitment to safeguarding its standard on wage and benefits, the company can apply the following methods to ensure that its suppliers adhere to stated standards. Application of compliance monitoring Although an audit is conducted annually, several compliance checks would be necessary to ensure that the company’s regulations are followed. The application of announced and unannounced compliance monitoring will keep its suppliers at its toes and ensure that it complies with all stated regulations. Introduction of strict penalties Application of heavy penalties would make sure that suppliers pay their employees’ wages and benefits. Companies that do not want to be penalized would make sure that they adhere to the stated rules. In cases of gross misconduct, the company could terminate its services with the retailer completely by giving them a grace period with assurance or termination of services. No supplier would want to lose their contract. Impact of Increase in Products Price to Customers I believe that the increase in the price of products would not affect computer buying trends largely. The company has so far managed to meet the consumer demands of the public. The uniqueness and advancement of products have led to the creation of loyalty among consumers. Thus, it caters for consumer needs in the ma rket, a factor that makes it outdo other companies. With innovation, Apple can easily apply the value culture to its targeted customer. According to this culture, when customers are satisfied with a certain product, they would be willing to pay more for the perceived value of the product. As a matter of fact, with innovations, I strongly believe that the company would increase the selling price of its products to improve the remuneration of its members of staff. Apple can apply the philosophy of value culture versus cost culture. This philosophy does not necessarily consider what is thought as fair, but what is competitively achievable, and especially for goods sold at a high price and relatively lower value of products made (Sethi, 2012). Consequently, I believe that despite the competition, Apple is capable of setting new unequaled standards and price that perfectly suits its target class and at the same time generates revenue and increases the wages of its members of staff.Advert ising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apple’s Current Marketing Strategy Apple does not rely on media advertisements marketing strategy. Its greatest market strategy is based on selling value and not the price. The product itself acts as a marketing tool and work of mouth on the goodness of the product is all that markets products from Apple. Marketing strategies employed include: Branding Apple has employed the use of emotional and hopeful messages to promote consumer perceptions of its brand. The Company employs advertisements that bring out peoples’ emotions. The color and presentation of their products make people want to be connected with the company. The brand represents a lifestyle, innovation, dreams, and technology power that makes many people want to relate to Apple. Quantity versus Quality The company’s approach to quality, seen in varieties of commodities in the market, remains more quality and less in quantity. Apple’s ability to innovate and sustain varieties of its products to cater to consumer needs is seen as the ingestion of its products rise. They have different products offering almost the same services. A person would be spoilt for choice in buying an iPod, iPad, or iTunes. Innovation Through its innovativeness, Apple creates a competitive environment for its rivals. The company invests in time, packaging their products. They make sure that designing and packaging is impressive and satisfactory. This has led to the introduction of impressive products into the market that would make one not think about their prices but the quality and service. Consumer Needs Another marketing strategy employed by the company is considering customers’ needs and creating a communication to cater for their needs using innovative products. Apple combines the striking jargons for those who prefer, but they go beyond that and focus more on the beneficial outcomes than the customer. For instance, they do not just show catchphrases like ‘glass that it edge to ed ge’ retina and so on, but their presentation is more of captivating to learn not to fear. Recommendations To improve its competitive environment in the global market, Apple needs to make a more user-friendly application system. Applications that can run with its operating system can only be downloaded from an application store. This makes its users lack the choice of varieties. Its introduction would encourage the use of different applications of its products. Android, Apple’s competitor, has products that have more distribution channels, making their products more user-friendly in terms of accessing applications. The company should also strive to eradicate the anti-capitalist idea associating its products at high prices. This can be accomplished by introducing the production of cheap and quality merchandise. The achievement will cater to all groups of interests in the market. Android, a vital competitor in the market, has products retailing at from 65$ to 500$. Androi d has created a general impression in the society that the company recognizes all groups of people. As a result, it serves people from different economic capabilities. Conclusion Apple’s achievements root in their competence in innovativeness. This has led to consumer satisfaction. The company offers products that cater to the technology needs of the existing marketplace. The originality of their products also increases consumer consumption rates. Originality also makes consumers increase their confidence in the company’s quality of merchandise. References Apple Supplier Responsibility: 2011 Progress Report. (2011). Web. Apple Supplier Responsibility: 2013 Progress Report.(2013). Web. Corporate Reputation and Social Responsibility Rankings. (2010). Web. Diaz, J. (2010).â€Å"iPhone 4: The Definitive Guide.† Web. Sethi, P. (2012). Two Faces of Apple. Web. Workers as Machines: Military Management in Foxconn. Students Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. (2010) . Web. Yoffie, B. Renee, K. (2010). Apple Inc. in 2010. Web.

GENETICLY MONDIFIED ORGANISMS AND MONSANTO Essay

GENETICLY MONDIFIED ORGANISMS AND MONSANTO - Essay Example The role of media in this regard is crucial since it the only source of communication between the general public and big biotechnological companies such as Monsanto, Novartis, Pioneer etc. It is also hard to ignore the fact that the media plays a very important role when it comes to influencing the perception of society since today, people tend to rely a lot on media and its outreach. Therefore, media has the sole power to change the notion of people about genetically modified products and the same power is misused. Scientists consider genetic engineered crops to be a boon for society however, there a millions of people who are against the technology simply because the technology as a whole and the risks associated with it is either not clear or are misinterpreted to them. It is often hard for a society as a whole to accept a new form of technology. Genetically Modified crops may have already reached the shelves of the supermarkets yet even today the risks and concerns associated to GMO crops are perceived negatively by society. Safety is the first concern since some instances have shown that GM crops may not be as safe as they appear to be. For example a U.S. company Pioneer Hi-Bred modified soybeans and introduced a gene from Brazilian nuts that could enhance production of sulfur-rich amino acids but on further tests showed that the product which was actually meant for animal feed was an allergen to humans. The concept was not pursued any further by the company(Jones, 1999).Statistical findings about Monsanto’s products such as modified corn MON 863 and MON 810 by researchers showed that in contrast to Monsanto’s reports toxic these corns were detrimental to human health (Vendemois et al, 2010). Â  .Risks associated with GMOs also inc lude interbreeding between modified and wild types giving rise to potentially

The Concept of Multicultural Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Concept of Multicultural Education - Essay Example In fact, multicultural education represents a response to the dynamically changing demographic situation observed in the United States. According to the most recent projections, by 2020 approximately 46 percent of the whole public school student population will be children of color and more than 20 percent will be from poor families (Banks, 1997). Evidently, addressing the diverse learning needs of such population is a pressing task faced by the US educational system. However, the monocultural approach that has traditionally been the cornerstone of American education mostly focuses on the values, instructions and content of middle class Eurocentric student population. Such focus substantially complicates the process of learning the academic knowledge for students of different cultural and social background: the incompatibility between the culture of ethnic and social minority students and the educational approach based on the values of majority seriously affects achievement and contributes to academic failure of students (Nielson, 1991). Therefore, an increasingly multicultural student population in the US stresses the need to address the systemic, curricular, and pedagogical barriers that negatively affect academic performance and achievement of minority students. Furthermore, the concept of multicultural education also recognizes that "an increasingly multicultural nation and a shrinking and contentious planet at the edge of the twenty-first cen tury demands a people who are critical thinkers and able to deal with the complexities of multicultural differences" (Hanley, 2002). Many believe that multicultural educational... This paper approves that many believe that multicultural educational policies help students develop new human capabilities and new identities in order to properly respond to the increasing need to recognize cultural diversity. Multicultural education promotes the ideals of cultural and educational equity, social justice thus enabling students to reach their fully potential in learning the curriculum. The idea of multicultural education looks extremely attractive as an effective tool to reinforce the democratic multicultural society and at the same time respect the inclination of different ethnic groups to preserve their cultural traditions. This essay makes a conclusion that multiculturalism definitely has the potential to become a serious tool in reducing discrimination and inequalities in the realm of education. Multicultural education practices often fail to address the difficult task of unifying the society without neglecting the cultural and ethnic traditions of minorities. Moreover, the constantly changing society creates new challenges that can hardly be addressed within the existing framework of multicultural education. However, failure to achieve certain goals does not mean that the concept of multicultural education is futile per se. On the contrary, it should create additional motivation for scholars and teachers to look for innovations and new opportunities to meet the challenges of these days and correct the previous mistakes. Multicultural education must be changed seriously to effectively respond to the needs of this epoch.

Flinder Valves and Controls Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Flinder Valves and Controls Inc - Case Study Example Strength of FVC FVC’s strengths are the internal factors that led to the success of the in its operations. The company has a good top-management team who organizes and runs the company’s daily operations. The management team is comprised of highly innovative team that develop innovate products that are desired by their potential customers (University of Virginia, 2008). Weakness of FVS The company lacked enough finances to expand and venture into international markets. This made it experience stiff competition from highly established companies in this industry. The company also lacked the knowledge for high volume manufacturing. The company sometimes produces fewer products that do not meet customers’ demands. Low volume of production is also associated with fewer sales, which generate less revenue for the company (University of Virginia, 2008). Lack of enough resources and revenue are the principal constrains towards the company’s expansion. Strengths of RSE The company has enough resources to venture into global markets and acquire other small companies in this industry. With the enough resources, the company’s management team is capable of initiating new project activities which can add value to the business operations (Weaver & Weston, 2004). The company’s marketing strategies are well planned, and this has made it gain a bigger market share than its key rival companies. Its products are also designed in away that meet its customer’s expectations.... Strengths of RSE The company has enough resources to venture into global markets and acquire other small companies in this industry. With the enough resources, the company’s management team is capable of initiating new project activities which can add value to the business operations (Weaver & Weston, 2004). The company’s marketing strategies are well planned, and this has made it gain a bigger market share than its key rival companies. Its products are also designed in away that meet its customer’s expectations (University of Virginia, 2008). Weaknesses of RSE The company management team lacks innovative skills. The company has not developed new products over a long period, and this has made it face stiff competition from its highly innovative key rivals (University of Virginia, 2008). Low profit turn over are occasionally realized by this company, and this calls for new strategies to be implemented. Frequent changes and implementations of new strategies make th e company lose focus on its potential projects, thus making it to operate behind schedules (Beam, 2001). The Situation and Need for Negotiation Both FVC and RSE Companies want to improve on their strengths and solve their weaknesses. In order to achieve this, the companies’ presidents want to enter into a merger for mutual benefits. Both the companies want to take advantage of each others strengths so as to improve their business operations (University of Virginia, 2008). FVC want to become a subsidiary of RSE International so as to improve and maintain its identity. After the acquisition, FVC will maintain its top management team including other employees. FVC’s also wanted to take advantage of RSE’s resources to expand into the global market and improve its

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hybrid Cars Engineering Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hybrid Cars Engineering Essay Even by recently introducing hybrid vehicles to the worldwide transportation system, the need to reduce transport generated CO2 emissions is still a matter of high significance. One promising and at the same time environmentally friendly solution in terms of limiting the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is considered to be the introduction of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In this technical report HEVs will be compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs), by surveying their technical characteristics and performance, their total cost of ownership (TOC) and their GHG and air pollution (AP) emissions. HEVs can be classified either as parallel or series due to differences at their powertrain configuration. They both use an electric motor and an engine but only parallel HEVs can use simultaneously either of them as a main power source. At series HEVs the engine charges an on-board battery unit that transmits power to the electri c motor. Reduced engine capacity, regenerative braking ability and engine shut-off capability are the main discernible characteristics of HEVs in confrontation to their equivalent conventional models.1Some of the most generally acceptable advantages of the HEVs are their low local emissions combined with a high fuel economy, the long driving range and their commercial availability but they still depended on fossil fuels and they are more expensive than conventional ICEs.2 Technical characteristics and performance Vehicle efficiency and primary energy efficiency, or otherwise well-to-wheel efficiency are the measures used in this study to compare those different drivetrain vehicles. We define the Vehicle efficiency: and, the Primary efficiency where = the useful energy at the wheels, = the energy supplied to the vehicle and = the primary energy.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV): For both parallel and series HEVs the vehicle efficiency is 29%. Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV): The max efficiency ay ICEs is achieved near the max load point. The mean efficiency is relatively low since no max power can be achieved in normal driving conditions. At mean required power of 10kW the efficiency is low around 18% whereas around 60-90kW reaches up to 35-40%.4 Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV): An electric motor, connected with a generator and a system of transmission forms the main function of BEVs. Due to the development of advanced electronic control systems, the mean energy efficiency over a normal drive schedule has increased both for generators and electric motors.5 The potential vehicle efficiency is 61%. The difference in efficiency between hybrid and conventional vehicles can be partly justified by the use of Atkinson-cycle in the hybrid vehicle engines instead of the Otto cycle in the ICEs.6 In cases where the Atkinson cycle is applied to a well modified Otto cycle engine it results to high fuel economy that can be explained by the lower per displacement power than the traditional ICE four stroke engine. When more power is needed, an electric motor can supplement the engine power which is the basis of an Atkinson cycle working hybrid-electric drivetrain. Bigger work output and higher thermal efficiency than the Otto cycle while operating under similar conditions leads to higher primary efficiency in HEVs.7 In terms of acceleration, BEVs are better than both HEVs and ICEs but in high speed performances ICEs are faster than HEVs with BEVs to be the slowest.8 Total Cost of Ownership The total cost of ownership is by estimation the sum of the purchase price (Components, retail margin, battery, initial on-road costs), the operating costs (fuel, electricity, servicing) and the resale value. The purchase price is fixed for each vehicle (excluding the uncertainties in the battery prices) but in order to define the operational cost we first have to settle a representative drive cycle. In this study we will work with the AUDC (Australian Urban Drive Cycle) which is a bit more intense in the driving behavior than the common ones but still close to the NEDC (new European drive cycle) and the ARTEMIS cycle (150000 km travelled per vehicle lifetime) .9,10 Due to the large uncertainty in the vehicle battery prices we took a baseline value of $800(kWh)-1 or $16.800 [brooker,4] Furthermore, we estimated a base fuel price at $1.4 L-1 as well as a base electricity price at $0.175 kWh-1.11 In order to determine the operational cost of each vehicle we need to define the fuel and electricity consumption of our modeling vehicles. For a Class E parallel HEV the fuel consumption in L/km was calculated 5.7 whereas for the same category the CV had a consumption of 9.4 L/km. The electricity consumption of a Class E BEV is 0.11 kWh/km. It is clear that despite the entailed increase in vehicle electrification in the purchase price it is compensated with a decrease in the operational costs. Only by comparing each vehicles purchase price, the CV is the most cost effective solution of both HEVs and BEVs with the lasts to be the most costly ones mainly because of the high battery costs. On the other hand even though the BEVs have the lower running costs it is shown that the parallel HEVs are the ones with the lower Net Present value. Finally in a recent study it was suggested that even hybrid cars are a quite more expensive than the conventional ICE vehicles thay may reduce fuel consumption by 34-47% compared to them which decreases their NPV even more.12 Environmental evaluation In order to determine the environmental impact of each vehicle we will examine their air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. To estimate the total CO2 emissions we use the product of carbon intensity (CO2e/MJ) by fuel producers, energy intensity (MJ/km) by car producers and demand (km) by car drivers. In Hybrid (gasoline) vehicles the CO2 emissions are 20 gCO2/MJ and 220 gCO2/MJ delivered to vehicle wheels during production and vehicle life cycle respectively. In ICEs the emissions during production and life cycle are 50 gCO2/MJ and 300 gCO2/MJ whereas in BEVs (electricity production from coal) are 320 gCO2/MJ and approximately 0 gCO2/MJ respectively. It is interesting to notify that in case were electricity production comes from renewable sources (wind) the emission at the production stage of BEV are almost defeasance.13,14 Table1 Environmental impact associated with vehicle production stages Type of car GHG emissions (kg) AP emissions (kg) Conventional 3595.8 8.74 Hybrid 4156.7 10.10 Electric 9832.4 15.09 In both HEVs and BEVs we must also consider the environmental impact of batteries. We assume that both vehicles use NiMeH batteries of 53kg (1,8kWh capacity) and 430kg( 27kWh capacity), respectively. The production of those batteries require 1.96MJ of electricity and 8.35MJ of liquid petroleum gas.15 With those data and considering that the number of batteries per life of vehicle is 2 for hybrids and 3 for electrics, the total GHG emission per life of vehicle are more than 12 times higher in BEVs. Finally in order to compare the total GHG and AP emissions for ICE, BEV and HEVs we will consider the scenario that electricity is produced only from renewable energy sources. In that case ICE vehicles are the most polluting ones with almost double GHG and AP emissions than hybrid vehicles and 10 times more than BEV vehicles (450/235/40 g CO2,equivalent /mile respectively).16 Table2 Total environmental impact for different vehicles Car Type GHG emissions(kg) /100 km of travelling AP emissions(kg) /100 km of travelling Conventional ICE 21.4 0.0600 Hybrid HEV 13.3 0.0370 Electric BEV 2.31 0.00756 The average travelling distance during a 10 year vehicle life time is 241,350km.17 We must say here that in any scenario for electricity production the BEV are still the most environmentally friendly vehicles. Furthermore, hybrid cars may reduce Well-to-wheel GHG emissions to 89-103 gCO2 comparing to conventional ICE gasoline vehicles.18 Georgios Fontaras, Panayotis Pistikopoulos, Zissis Samaras, 2008, Experimental evaluation of hybrid vehicle fuel economy and pollutant emissions over real-world simulation driving cycles, Atmospheric Environment 42, 2008, 4023-4035. C.C.Chan, Fellow, IEEE, Alain Bouscayrol, Member, IEEE, and Keyu Chen, Member, IEEE, 2010, Electric, Hybrid, and fuel-Cell Vehicles: Architectures and Modeling, IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, Vol.59, No.2, February 2010. Max Ahman, 2000, Primary energy efficiency of alternative powertrains in vehicles, Energy 26, 2001, 973-989. Ecotraffic, The life of fuels, Stockholm, 1992 Kopf et al, 1997, development of a multifunctional high power system: meeting the demands of both a generator and traction drive system, Electric Vehicle Sympozium 14, Orlando (FL), 1997. Yingru Zhao, Jincan Chen, 2006, Performance analysis and parametric optimum criteria of an irreversible Atkinson heat-engine, Applied Energy 83,2006, 789-800. Shuhn-Shyurng Hou, 2006, Comparison of performances of air standard Atkinson and Otto cycles with heat transfer considerations, Energy conversion and Management 48, 2007, 1683-1690. Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning, 2006, The 21st century electric car, Tesla Motors Inc. Michel Andrà ©, 2004, The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions, The Science of the total environment, 334-335, 2004, 73-74. R.Sharma, C.Manzie, M.Bessede, M.J.Brear, R.H. Crawford, 2012, Conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles for Australian driving conditions Part 1: Technical and financial analysis, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 25, 2012, 238-249. Annual energy outlook 2012 with projections to 2035, 2012, U.S. energy information administration, June 2012. Oscar P.R van Vliet, Thomas Kruithof, Wim C. Turkenberg, Andre P.C. Faaij, 2010, Techno-economic comparison of series hybrid, plug in hybrid, fuel cell and regular cars, Journal of Power Sources, Vol.195, Issue 19, 2010, 6570-6585. Felix Creutzig, Emily McGlynn, Jan Minx, Ottmar Edenhofer, 2011, Climate policies for road transport revisited (1): Evaluation of the current framework, Energy Policy, 39, 2011, 2396-2406. Mikhail Granovskii, Ibrahim Dincer, Marc A.Rosen, 2006, Economic and environmental comparison of conventional, hybrid, electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, Journal of Power Sources, 159, 2006, 1186-1193. M.Rantik, 1999, Life Cycle Assessment of five batteries for Electric vehicles under different charging regimes, report, KFB-Stockholm, 1999. Tien Nguyen Jake Ward, 2010, Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Petroleum Use for Mid-Size Light-Duty Vehicles, US department of energy, Program Record (Offices of Vehicle Technologies Fuel Cell Technologies), 2010. United States Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and renewable energy. Via www.fueleconomy.gov , accessed May 15, 2005. G.J.offer, D.Howey, M.Contestabile, R.Clague, N.P.Brandon, 2010, Comparative analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system, Energy Policy, 38, 2010, 24-29.

Lab Report :: essays research papers

Hypothesis: I can successfully add vectors. Introduction: A vector is a quantity that has magnitude (speed, force, and/or length) and direction. For example, if a person is traveling East at 60 mph, then s/he is traveling in the direction East and at a magnitude of 60 mph. A scalar is a quantity with only a magnitude. Common scalars include currency, mass, time, and acceleration. It wouldn’t make sense to say the sweater costs $38.00 southwest, so we leave off the direction. The magnitude symbol ( ), an arrow, can express direction by its angle on a coordinate plane and its length, which is usually offered. In this lab, I also use the directional measurement unit of Azimuth (Az), which is conducted by starting at North and rotating clockwise to the desired angle, most probably the angle of the vector. Adding vectors, either two positive, two negative, or one of each is done most easily by resolving, or finding each vectors’ (A, B,C,†¦) x and y components. Here is an example of how to resolve then add vectors : Procedure: See lab book. Data:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trial 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magnitude (g)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Direction (Az)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  X (N)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Y (N) A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.00 B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  93.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .998  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.052 C  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  177.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .052  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.998 D  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  270.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -1.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Trial  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Percent Error (%) 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.0 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  38.2 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.8 Trial 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magnitude (g)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Direction (Az)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  X (N)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Y (N) A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  120.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  332.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.563  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.06 B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  75.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .966  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .259 C  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  150.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .500  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.866 D  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  234.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.809  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.588 Trial 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magnitude (g)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Direction (Az)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  X (N)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Y (N) A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  170.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  277.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -1.687  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .207 B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  200.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  60.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.732  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.00 C  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  148.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .530  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.848 D  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  110.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  215.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.631  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.901   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trial 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magnitude (g)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Direction (Az)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  X (N)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Y (N) A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  120.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  315.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.849  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .849 B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  200.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  339.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.717  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.867 C  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  300.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  138.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.007  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -2.229 D  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  110.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  265.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -1.096  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.096 Sample Calculations:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Trial 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion: I successfully added three out of four vectors with a percent error of 12% or less, in which the acceptable percent error was 20% or less. Analysis: Friction between the string and the pulley can have an effect on the lab because it makes the forces unnaturally low. To solve this problem, nullify friction by vibrating the force table. Another source of error may come when someone is putting the weights on the hooks of the pulleys and neglects to add the 50 grams of the hooks to their total force pulling on that particular string.

Classification of Students

Classifications of Students Students are defined as curious humans who would crave to learn mostly about everything that occurs in this world and that will happen. Like normal humans, students also have different attitudes and characteristics which are commonly alike which causes them to be divided into five different groupings, the ‘queen/king bees', the ‘bullies', the ‘universals', the ‘nerds' and the ‘losers'. In order to further know about these groups, they should be defined. To start with†¦The ‘queen/king bees' which consists of talented, smart, beautiful/handsome, rich and popular, but at the same time hardhearted and prejudice prejudice students. Most of them are mean because they feel their intense power to control students who are lower than them. They are mostly praised and are what I call the ‘heartthrobs' they make boys/girls crazy in love with them which causes them to have stalkers. Some of them are dumb and the factors th at may have raised them up are their money or their beauty. They can also be called bullies but they're bullies in a less destructive and social ways.They are mostly seen in special rooms, libraries and common classes but they are always infront. Next, the ‘universals'. They are the friend of all, from queen/king bees to the losers,except the bullies because bullies are real bad to everyone. The persons that are inclusive to the universals are talented, optimistic, smiling, jolly, lively and smart and they are mostly respected as well but they are pure in heart that they never want to be prejudice and they never want to underestimate anyone who are lower than them.They are the kind of students which are well taught in character building and they are the ones who can be true friends despite of the differences. They are mostly seen everywhere Then here comes, the ‘nerds' which are crazy smart and almost know everything out of anything! They are fond with books and computer s. They are mostly silent and weird looking. Almost all of them are bullied, sometimes they become ‘the bully's nerd' which means they are used by bullies in return, they wouldn't be bullied.Their jobs to the bullies are more on paper works because all pure bullies are dumb and the only thing they know is to hurt. They are mostly seen in the library and computer libraries. Speaking of the ‘bullies', they are the ones who are less understood. Most of them hurt others because that maybe what they learned from their houses or experience. They see other people or students as their outlets of their hatred that they can't express to the ones they hated. They are totally dumb and never wants to study.They hurt all students except the queen/king bees and the universals because they fear to hurt the ones who can stand up against them. They are mostly seen in the detention class or summer class. And last but not the least, the ‘losers'. They are dumb, untalented and mostly g et themselves in trouble. They are mostly hopeless about their future. They are ones who are very bullied. Usually, their friends are their co losers or the nerds but their group befriending a nerd is a very unusual tandem. They are mostly seen in detention class with the bullies or in the normal class right at the middle or back.

The Pledge essays

The Pledge essays I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America... We daily quote these words but we rarely take into consideration what its true meaning is. I believe all Americans should pledge their allegiance to our country my reasons are what follows. I shall pledge my allegiance in my teen years by taking programs such as Student Council, which I am Vice President of our Jr. High. And FCCLA when I get into high school which prepares you for your future and you do things like pick up trash for your community. In high school there is a mentoring program which involves you to help younger kids learn by tootering and mentoring them. Something I may be interested in when I get out of school may be the military. In the Navy I could keep my oath over seas, or the Air Force where I could hold it safe in the sky. Maybe the army where I could control it during a gun fight. It would be an honor to serve my country in a way I could be proud of. In the armed forces men and women sacrifice their lives to protect other Americans. So the men and women that have fought in wars should be appreciated for their courage. Another high point in my career will be politics. Politics are the base of this country they serve and hold their pledge by siting in a room discussing laws and other things important to controlling this nation. Without Politics are country would be lost. As soon as I am Eighteen I will vote for our. The main point I am coming to is that I am an American and my pledge will live on until I die and will hopefully rub off on to someone else who is in dire need. ...

Platypus Facts (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Platypus Facts (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is an unusual mammal. In fact, when its discovery was first reported in 1798, British scientists thought the creature was a hoax made by stitching together parts of other animals. The platypus has webbed feet, a bill like a duck, lays eggs, and males have venomous spurs. The plural form of platypus is a matter of some dispute. Scientists typically use platypuses or platypus. Many people use platypi. Technically, the proper Greek plural is platypodes. Fast Facts: Platypus Scientific Name: Ornithorhynchus anatinusCommon Names: Platypus, duck-billed platypusBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 17-20 inchesWeight: 1.5-5.3 poundsLifespan: 17 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Eastern Australian including TasmaniaPopulation: ~50,000Conservation Status: Near Threatened Description The platypus has a keratin bill, a broad flattened tail, and webbed feet. Its dense, waterproof fur is dark brown, becoming paler around its eyes and on its belly. The male has one venomous spur on each hind limb. Males are larger than females, but size and weight varies considerably from one individual to another. The average male is 20 inches in length, while females are around 17 inches long. Adults weigh anywhere from 1.5 to 5.3 pounds. The male platypus has a venomous spur on its hind limb. Auscape, Getty Images Habitat and Distribution The platypus lives along streams and rivers in eastern Australia, including Tasmania. It is extinct in South Australia, except for an introduced population on Kangaroo Island. Platypuses live in diverse climates, ranging from tropical rainforests to cold mountains. Platypus distribution (red: native; yellow: introduced). Tentotwo, Creative Commons License Diet and Behavior Platypuses are carnivores. They hunt worms, shrimp, insect larvae, and crayfish at dawn, dusk, and night. The platypus closes its eyes, ears, and nose when it dives and moves its bill from side to side, much like a hammerhead shark. It relies on a combination of mechanosensors and electrosensors in its bill to map its surroundings. The mechanosensors detect touch and movement, while the electrosensors sense tiny electrical charges released by muscle contractions in living organisms. The only other mammal to use electroreception to seek prey is a species of dolphin. Reproduction and Offspring Except for the echidna and platypus, mammals give birth to live young. Echidnas and platypuses are monotremes, which lay eggs. The platypus mates once each year during the breeding season, which occurs between June and October. Normally, a platypus lives a solitary life in a burrow above the water level. After mating, the male departs for his own burrow, while the female digs a deeper burrow with plugs to control environmental conditions and protect her eggs and young. She lines her nest with leaves and grass and lays between one and three eggs (usually two). The eggs are small (under half an inch) and leathery. She curls around her eggs to incubate them. The eggs hatch after about 10 days. The hairless, blind young drink milk released by pores in the mothers skin. The offspring nurse for about four months before emerging from the burrow. At birth, both male and female platypuses have spurs and teeth. The teeth drop out when the animals are very young. The females spurs drop off before she is a year old. A platypus reaches sexual maturity in its second year. In the wild, a platypus lives at least 11 years. They have been known to reach 17 years of age in captivity. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the platypus conservation status as near threatened. Researchers estimate the number of mature animals anywhere between 30,000 and 300,000, usually settling on a number around 50,000. Threats Although protected since 1905, platypus numbers have been decreasing. The species faces habitat disruption from irrigation, dams, and pollution. Disease is a significant factor in Tasmania. However, the most significant threat is reduced water availability from human use and droughts caused by climate change. The Platypus and Humans The platypus is not aggressive. While its sting may be fatal to smaller animals, such as dogs, there has never been a documented human fatality. The animals venom contains defensin-like proteins (DLPs) that cause swelling and excruciating pain. Additionally, a sting results in heightened pain sensitivity that may persist for days or months. If you want to see a living platypus, you have to travel to Australia. As of 2017, only select aquariums in Australia house the animals. The Healesville Sanctuary in Victoria and the Taronga Zoo in Sydney have successfully bred platypuses in captivity. Sources Cromer, Erica. Monotreme Reproductive Biology and Behavior. Iowa State University. April 14, 2004.Grant, Tom. The platypus: a unique mammal. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-86840-143-0.Groves, C.P. Order Monotremata. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 2, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.Moyal, Ann Mozley. Platypus: The Extraordinary Story of How a Curious Creature Baffled the World. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8018-8052-0.Woinarski, J. A.A Burbidge. Ornithorhynchus anatinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T40488A21964009. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40488A21964009.en

Organizational Structures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organizational Structures - Research Paper Example The Metadata servers today enable the organizations to opt for a centralized storage, retrieval and sharing of data, which are more in tandem with the flat and lean organizational structures. Flat and lean organizational structures supported by Metadata servers do allow the organizations to lower costs, simplify systems support and to respect data integrity. Any operating organization needs to affiliate to a specific organizational structure in order to fulfill its organizational goals. The basic purpose of organizational structures is to support organizational hierarchy aimed at a systematic allocation and accomplishment of organizational functions (Dalton, Lawrence & Lorsch, 1991, p. 1). Hence, mostly it is possible to deduct the essential character of any organization and the values it adheres to by simply having a look at its organizational structure (Dalton, Lawrence & Lorsch, 1991, p. 1). Just a couple of decades ago, the organizations focused around a manufacturing mindset wer e affiliated to primarily hierarchical organizational structures which were strictly regimented with regards to facilitating access to information and allocating organizational functions. ... As already said, the bureaucratic structures happened to be strictly hierarchical when it came to managing people. Hence, even in post bureaucratic structures, though the organizations showed a concern for new trends and ideas, still these organizational structures happened to be hierarchical in their approach. The Divisional organizational structures tended to segment the varied functional areas of organizations into divisions (Salaman, 2001). Each division functioned independently and had access to its own resources so as to fulfill the organizational goals allocated to it (Salaman, 2001). Though the divisional organizational structures allowed the organizations to meet the specific needs of each division more systematically, still such structures hampered the sharing and processing of information as the employees in each specific division worked independently (Salaman, 2001). Besides, the inability to benefit from the information retrieved from Metadata servers made the divisional organizational structures utterly unwieldy and costly to operate. Many organizations, especially the large organizations do prefer to opt for functional organizational structures where the organizations are segmented as per the respective functions (Salaman, 2001). Functional organizational structures do have their advantages in the sense that they enhance the efficiency of varied functional groups within organizations, thereby allowing for easy and rapid management of organizational issues and challenges. Yet, functional organizational structures failed to eliminate one serious flaw that was common to divisional structures, which was making way for a free and unhampered sharing of information and data. The modern organizations tried to get over this hurdle by

CRIMINAL LAW COURSEWORK Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CRIMINAL LAW - Coursework Example In the UK, Discrimination Act of 1975 was altered to launch sexual irritation as a type of discrimination in 1986. It mentioned guidelines that if a boss treats someone less favourably on the ground that the defendants have refused and put forward any kind of harassment such as hostile, rape, humiliating and violating a person’s dignity in workplace among others, it would be judged as harassment. As in this case, the Sexual Offences Act, 2003 (SOA) and Sexual offences Act of 1956 are applicable. The Sexual Offence Act of 2003 sets offences for prosecution of proving absence at consent of sec. 1-4. The aforementioned offences are related to a person involved in a sexual activity. Sexual Violence in England often goes unreported by female and male victims. Amnesty International conducted a research, which found that 1/3rd of the public believe that a woman is answerable for being raped if she has behaved in an enticing way. Chances for having parallel mind-set also exist relatin g to what a woman was wearing at the time of harassment, quantity of alcohol that had been consumed and whether or not a woman had said no to the man. Prior to enactment of SOA, there was no as such statutory meaning of consent. Sec. 74 of this act states that a person contents to sexual activity, if he/she agrees to it as an option and holds the liberty and ability to make that choiceii. As per the case, Sec 75 and Sec 76 of SOA will be applicable on the boss, as the petitioner indicted the defendant of having non-consensual sex with the woman after an evening of intense alcoholic drinks. The boss when found guilty for the crime is liable for imprisonment, unless subsection 4 applies, which states that if a person is caught blameworthy under Sec 75 and Sec 76, then he/she will be prone to imprisonment for a period of maximum 6 months or a fine that does not surpass the statutory maximum